notable cases

**Brown v. Board of Education (1954)**: This landmark Supreme Court case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The court found that "separate but equal" educational facilities were inherently unequal, violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision helped dismantle racial segregation across America and was a significant victory for the Civil Rights Movement. **Roe v. Wade (1973)**: This Supreme Court case recognized a woman's legal right to have an abortion under the right to privacy. The court ruled that states could not impose excessive restrictions on abortion, balancing the woman's rights against the state's interests in protecting prenatal life, leading to ongoing debates about reproductive rights. **Miranda v. Arizona (1966)**: This case resulted in the requirement that individuals in police custody be informed of their rights before interrogation. The Supreme Court held that failure to inform suspects of their right to remain silent and to have legal counsel violated the Fifth Amendment, leading to the "Miranda warning" being a standard practice in policing.