Norman Kingdom of Sicily

The Norman Kingdom of Sicily was established in 1130 when Norman adventurers, led by Roger II, unified the island of Sicily and parts of southern Italy. It was known for its medieval, multicultural society that combined Latin, Greek, Arab, and Norman traditions, fostering a vibrant and tolerant culture. The kingdom was a powerful, centralized state with a strong military and effective administration, facilitating economic growth and artistic achievements. It played a key role in medieval European politics until it was absorbed into the Hohenstaufen empire in the late 13th century.