neurobiology of addiction

The neurobiology of addiction involves changes in the brain's chemistry and structure due to substances or behaviors that provide pleasure or relief. Dopamine, a key neurotransmitter, plays a central role by reinforcing behaviors that lead to reward, making individuals crave the substance or activity. Over time, repeated use alters the brain's reward system, diminishing its natural ability to feel pleasure and increasing reliance on the addictive substance. These changes can lead to compulsive behaviors, making it challenging for individuals to control their impulses, despite negative consequences. Understanding this helps in developing effective treatments for addiction.