Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood disorders where the bone marrow produces blood cells that are abnormal in shape, size, or function. This leads to a shortage of healthy blood cells, causing symptoms like fatigue, increased infections, or bleeding. MDS occurs because the bone marrow, which makes blood cells, can become damaged or dysfunctional, often due to genetic mutations. While it can progress to leukemia, some cases remain stable. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow examination. Treatment options vary, including supportive care, medications, or stem cell transplantation, aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life.