Minimal groups

Minimal groups refer to the concept in social psychology where individuals categorize themselves and others into distinct groups based on trivial or arbitrary differences. Even when group distinctions are minimal—such as a simple preference for one color over another—people tend to favor their own group (the "in-group") and show bias against those in other groups (the "out-group"). This phenomenon highlights how easily people form identities and how such identities can influence behaviors, leading to favoritism and discrimination, even when the differences are insignificant.