out-group discrimination

Out-group discrimination occurs when individuals favor their own group (in-group) and unfairly treat or judge members of other groups (out-groups). This bias can lead to negative attitudes, prejudice, or unequal treatment based solely on group membership, rather than individual qualities. It often arises from misunderstandings, stereotypes, or social norms, and can contribute to social divisions and inequality. Recognizing and addressing out-group discrimination is important for fostering fairness, inclusion, and harmony within diverse societies.