Microkernel

A microkernel is a minimalistic operating system architecture that focuses on only the essential functions needed to run the system, such as communication between hardware and software. Instead of including many services directly in the kernel, like file management or network functions, these are handled by separate programs (called servers) that operate outside the kernel. This design enhances flexibility and stability because each service can operate independently. If one service fails, it doesn't necessarily bring down the entire system, making it easier to maintain and update. Examples include the Mach and QNX microkernels.