Microkernel architecture

Microkernel architecture is a way of designing computer operating systems where only the most essential functions—such as communication between hardware and software—are handled by a small core component called the microkernel. Other features like device management, file systems, and network protocols run as separate, independent modules outside the kernel. This separation improves system stability, security, and flexibility, as individual modules can be updated or restarted without affecting the entire system. Overall, it creates a more modular and resilient operating system, akin to a basic foundation supporting independent, interchangeable components.