microcontroller

A microcontroller is a compact computer on a single chip that controls electronic devices or systems. It contains a processor, memory, and input/output interfaces, allowing it to process data and make decisions based on programmed instructions. Think of it as the brain of a device, enabling tasks like turning on lights, regulating temperature, or operating appliances automatically. Microcontrollers are found in many everyday objects—from washing machines and remote controls to medical devices and cars—providing intelligent control in a small, energy-efficient package.