Methanogenesis

Methanogenesis is a natural process carried out by specialized microorganisms called methanogens. These microbes break down organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, in environments lacking oxygen—like wetlands, deep soil, or the guts of ruminants. During this process, they produce methane gas as a byproduct. Methanogenesis is a key part of the carbon cycle, helping decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients, but it also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, as methane is a potent heat-trapping gas in the atmosphere.