Madhva

Madhva was a 13th-century Indian philosopher and theologian who founded the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. He emphasized a strict distinction between the individual soul (jiva), the ultimate reality (Vishnu or Krishna), and the universe. According to Madhva, these entities are separate and eternally different, unlike other schools that see a unity in everything. His teachings highlight devotion to Vishnu and the importance of scripture, suggesting that liberation comes through grace and right practice. Madhva's philosophy influences many devotional traditions in India and emphasizes a personal, dualistic relationship with the divine.