Ivan the Terrible

Ivan the Terrible was a 16th-century Russian ruler known for centralizing power and expanding Russia’s territory. He became Grand Prince at a young age and later the first Tsar of Russia, symbolizing absolute authority. His reign included modernization efforts, but also brutal tactics, including violent purges of perceived enemies and the creation of a secret police. His rule was marked by both significant territorial growth and episodes of tyranny, which earned him his nickname. Despite his harsh methods, he laid foundations for a powerful centralized Russian state that persisted long after his death.