Iberian Union

The Iberian Union (1580-1640) was a period when Portugal and Spain, previously separate kingdoms, were united under a single crown, ruled by Spain’s monarch. This union occurred after Portugal’s royal family was overthrown, prompting its crown to be temporarily absorbed by Spain’s King Philip II. During this time, Portugal maintained its own laws and administration but shared a monarch, affecting trade, military, and politics across both nations. The union lasted until Portuguese independence was restored in 1640, ending Spanish rule and reaffirming Portugal’s sovereignty.