Hund's multiplicity rule

Hund's multiplicity rule states that when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, they tend to spread out and fill individual orbitals before pairing up in the same orbital. This occurs in order to minimize electron-electron repulsion, resulting in more stable configurations. As a result, atoms with unpaired electrons can exhibit magnetic properties. Essentially, this rule helps predict how electrons are organized in an atom, influencing its chemical behavior and interactions with other atoms.