Human mitochondrial genetics

Human mitochondrial genetics refers to the study of the genetic material found in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within our cells. Unlike most of our DNA, which is located in the nucleus, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited only from the mother. This unique inheritance pattern allows scientists to trace maternal lineage and study evolutionary relationships. Mitochondrial DNA is crucial for producing proteins necessary for cellular energy production. Changes or mutations in mtDNA can lead to various inherited diseases, affecting organs with high energy demands, such as muscles and the brain. Understanding mtDNA helps in medical research and ancestry tracing.