Homogeneous catalysis

Homogeneous catalysis occurs when a catalyst (a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction) is in the same phase—usually liquid—as the reactants. In this process, the catalyst interacts intimately with the reactants, forming temporary bonds that make the reaction easier and faster. After the reaction, the catalyst returns to its original form and can be reused. This approach is common in industries like pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, where precise control over reactions is needed. The key advantage is the catalyst’s uniform distribution, which allows for efficient and selective transformations under moderate conditions.