Hiatal hernia

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes upward through an opening in the diaphragm, called the hiatus, into the chest cavity. The diaphragm normally acts as a barrier between the chest and abdomen, helping keep stomach contents from moving upward. When this opening is enlarged or the surrounding muscles weaken, it allows the stomach to protrude into the chest. This condition can cause symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, chest discomfort, and sometimes difficulty swallowing. Hiatal hernias are common, especially in older adults, and may require lifestyle changes or medical treatment if symptoms are significant.