Hertzsprung

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a crucial tool in astronomy that plots stars based on their brightness and temperature. On this graph, stars are categorized into various groups: main sequence stars (like our Sun), giants, and white dwarfs. The diagram helps astronomers understand stellar evolution, showing how stars change over time. Brightness is displayed on the vertical axis, while temperature is shown on the horizontal axis, with hotter stars on the left and cooler ones on the right. This visual representation allows scientists to compare different stars and trace their life cycles.