Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds not enclosed within an ovary, unlike flowering plants. Their seeds are often exposed on cone scales or other structures. Common examples include pines, firs, and spruces. They are typically woody, have needle-like or scale-like leaves, and rely on wind to disperse their pollen and seeds. Gymnosperms are ancient, dominant in many ecosystems, and play a vital role in providing timber, habitat, and contributing to Earth's carbon cycle. They are well-adapted to various environments and are distinguished by their seed production method and reproductive structures.