General Circulation Models (GCM)

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are complex computer simulations used to understand and predict climate and weather patterns globally. They represent the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces through mathematical equations, simulating how they interact over time. GCMs take into account various factors, such as solar radiation, air circulation, and ocean currents, to forecast climate changes and assess human impacts, like greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers use GCMs to study past climate conditions and project future scenarios, helping policymakers plan for climate-related challenges and understand potential impacts on ecosystems and society.