Fourier series

A Fourier series is a mathematical tool that breaks down complex, repeating signals into a sum of simple sine and cosine waves. Think of it like analyzing a complex musical tone into its basic notes. This breakdown helps us understand, analyze, and process signals—such as sound, light, or electrical waves—by representing them as a combination of basic wave patterns. Essentially, Fourier series provide a way to understand complicated repeating phenomena by expressing them as a collection of simple, smooth oscillations.