food spoilage

Food spoilage occurs when food's natural or added components break down due to bacteria, molds, yeasts, or enzymes, leading to changes in taste, smell, texture, and appearance. These microorganisms thrive under certain conditions, such as warmth, moisture, and time, causing food to become unsafe or unappetizing. Spoiled food may develop off-odors, sliminess, discoloration, or mold growth. Proper storage—like refrigeration, freezing, or dehydration—slows these processes and extends food's freshness. Recognizing spoilage signs helps prevent foodborne illnesses and reduces waste.