Fletcher-Munson Curve

The Fletcher-Munson Curve shows how our ears perceive different loudness levels across various pitches at equal sound pressure levels. It reveals that we are most sensitive to mid-range frequencies (around 2,000-5,000 Hz) and less sensitive to very low or very high frequencies. This means that sounds at the same physical loudness can seem louder or softer depending on their pitch. The curve helps audio engineers adjust sound to ensure it sounds balanced and natural to human hearing, regardless of pitch or volume, by compensating for these sensitivity variations.