firmware

Firmware is a specialized type of software embedded directly into a device’s hardware to control its basic functions. Think of it as the device’s operational instructions stored in non-volatile memory, ensuring the device performs its core tasks correctly. Unlike regular software that can be easily updated or removed, firmware provides the essential foundation for hardware to work properly. Examples include the BIOS in computers, the firmware in printers, or the software in smartphones. Updating firmware can improve performance, fix bugs, or add new features, making it a critical aspect of device maintenance and functionality.