Fertility Transition Theory

Fertility Transition Theory explains how and why countries tend to move from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as they develop economically and socially. Initially, in pre-industrial societies, families have many children to ensure some survive to adulthood. However, as societies advance, factors like better healthcare, education, and access to contraception lead to improved child survival and reduced birth rates. This shift reflects changes in family size preferences and women's roles, ultimately resulting in slower population growth and demographic changes in society.