exiled Italian intellectuals

Exiled Italian intellectuals were thinkers, writers, and artists who left Italy due to political oppression, persecution, or the rise of fascism, especially during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many sought refuge in countries like France and the United States, where they continued to produce influential works that shaped culture, literature, and politics. Their experiences often informed their writings, reflecting themes of displacement, identity, and resistance. Notable figures include Antonio Gramsci and Umberto Eco. This exile not only impacted their own lives but also contributed significantly to the intellectual landscape of the host countries.