Endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a medical procedure used to remove tumors or abnormal tissue from the digestive tract, particularly in the esophagus or stomach, without open surgery. Using a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope), doctors can see the area and carefully cut out the tissue from beneath the surface layer (submucosa). This technique allows for precise removal of larger lesions while preserving surrounding healthy tissue, leading to quicker recovery and less scarring than traditional surgery. ESD is often preferred for certain types of early-stage cancers or growths that are confined to the inner layers of the digestive tract.