E2F transcription factors

E2F transcription factors are proteins that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, particularly the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase where DNA replication occurs. They play a crucial role in controlling cell growth and division by turning genes on or off as needed. Proper E2F function ensures cells divide correctly, but if they malfunction, it can lead to uncontrolled growth, contributing to cancer. Essentially, E2Fs act as molecular switches that coordinate cell cycle advancement based on cellular signals.