"Discipline and Punish" (Michel Foucault)

"Discipline and Punish" is a book by philosopher Michel Foucault that explores the evolution of punishment and social control. Foucault argues that modern societies have shifted from physical, public forms of punishment to more subtle, psychological methods of discipline. He examines how institutions like prisons, schools, and hospitals structure power and influence behavior, creating individuals who conform to societal norms. The book highlights how surveillance and normalization shape people, arguing that power operates through everyday practices rather than just through overt force, fundamentally altering how we understand authority and control in society.