de-institutionalization

De-institutionalization refers to the process of closing large psychiatric hospitals and shifting care for individuals with mental health issues into community-based settings. This movement began in the mid-20th century, driven by a desire to provide more humane, personalized treatment and support, rather than confining individuals in institutions. The goal is to allow people to live independently and receive care from mental health professionals in their communities, with better access to resources like counseling and housing. While it has improved many lives, the transition has also faced challenges, including insufficient community support for some individuals.