deinstitutionalization theory

Deinstitutionalization theory refers to the process of reducing reliance on large mental health institutions by shifting care to community-based services. It emerged in the mid-20th century, driven by advances in medication, changing attitudes towards mental illness, and concerns about institutional conditions. The goal was to promote integration into society and improve quality of life. However, while intended to support independence, it also faced challenges like insufficient community resources, leading to increased homelessness and involuntary hospitalization for some individuals. Overall, the theory highlights a shift toward more humane, accessible mental health care outside restrictive institutional settings.