Crystallization

Crystallization is the natural process where a substance transforms from a liquid or dissolved state into a solid with a highly organized, repeating arrangement of atoms or molecules, forming a crystal. It typically occurs when a solution becomes saturated, meaning it cannot hold any more dissolved material, causing the excess to settle out as a solid. This process is essential in nature for forming minerals and gemstones, and is also used in industries to purify chemicals or produce specific materials with desired properties. Crystals grow as molecules or atoms gradually arrange themselves in a structured pattern during cooling or evaporation.