crystallization methods

Crystallization is a process used to separate and purify substances by forming solid crystals from a solution. Common methods include: 1. **Evaporation**: Allowing a solvent (like water) to evaporate, leaving crystals behind. 2. **Cooling**: Reducing the temperature of a solution, causing crystals to form as it becomes supersaturated. 3. **Recrystallization**: Dissolving impure crystals in a hot solvent and then cooling them, leading to the formation of purer crystals. These techniques exploit differences in solubility, allowing for the isolation of desired compounds in a solid form from mixtures.