Crystal defects

Crystal defects are irregularities or disruptions in the orderly arrangement of atoms within a crystal structure. These imperfections can occur naturally or during manufacturing, and they influence the material's properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, and transparency. Types include point defects (like missing or extra atoms), line defects (dislocations), and plane defects (grain boundaries). Understanding these defects helps in controlling and improving material performance for various applications, from electronics to construction.