Classical school of criminology

The Classical School of Criminology emerged in the 18th century, emphasizing reason and rationality in understanding crime. It posits that individuals choose to commit crimes based on a cost-benefit analysis, weighing potential pleasure against possible punishment. Key figures like Cesare Beccaria argued for fair laws and punishments that fit the crime, aiming to deter criminal behavior. This school advocates for a justice system that respects human rights and upholds the principle of proportionality in punishment, suggesting that effective deterrence relies on making consequences clear and certain.