Cantor's pairing function

Cantor's pairing function is a mathematical way to uniquely link two natural numbers (like 1, 2, 3) into one single number. Imagine you have two coordinates on a grid, and Cantor's function finds a unique point that represents that coordinate pair. This is useful because it shows that even infinite sets, like pairs of numbers, can be matched to single numbers without losing any information. It illustrates a key concept in set theory: that different kinds of infinity can be compared and that pairs of things can be treated as a single entity.