black smoker

A black smoker is a type of underwater hot spring found on the ocean floor, particularly near mid-ocean ridges. These vents release superheated water rich in minerals, which emerges from the Earth's crust. As the hot water meets cold ocean water, minerals precipitate out, forming dark, chimney-like structures. The term "black smoker" comes from the black clouds of particles that rise from these vents. They support unique ecosystems, where organisms thrive without sunlight, relying on the chemicals released instead, showcasing how life can exist in extreme environments.