Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)

Bacillus anthracis is a bacterial pathogen that causes anthrax, a serious infectious disease. It predominantly affects livestock but can also infect humans through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion of contaminated animal products. The bacteria form spores that can survive in harsh environments for long periods, making them particularly resilient. Symptoms vary based on the route of infection; they can range from skin lesions to severe respiratory illness. Anthrax can be life-threatening if untreated, but vaccines and antibiotics are effective for prevention and treatment. It is also studied in the context of bioterrorism due to its potential as a biological weapon.