ATP synthesis

ATP synthesis is the process by which cells generate the energy needed for various functions. Inside cells, tiny structures called mitochondria act like power plants. They use nutrients, mainly sugar, and oxygen to produce ATP, a molecule that stores and releases energy quickly. This process involves a series of reactions where energy from breaking down food molecules is used to add a phosphate group to ADP (adenosine diphosphate), forming ATP. This energy-rich molecule then powers everything from muscle movement to nerve signals, making ATP essential for life’s many activities.