ash cloud

An ash cloud is a dense plume of fine volcanic ash particles released into the atmosphere during an eruption. These clouds can spread over large areas, carried by wind, and pose hazards to aviation, health, and the environment. The ash particles are made of tiny fragments of cooled volcanic rock and glass, which can cause damage to aircraft engines, respiratory issues, and contaminate water supplies. Their appearance and extent depend on the eruption's strength, vent type, and atmospheric conditions. Monitoring and predicting ash clouds are essential to ensure safety and minimize disruption.