António Egas Moniz

António Egas Moniz was a Portuguese neurologist and professor, best known for developing the lobotomy, a surgical procedure that involved severing connections in the brain's prefrontal lobe. He believed this could alleviate severe mental disorders. Moniz received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for his work in psychosurgery. While his contributions advanced the understanding of mental illness, lobotomy later faced significant ethical criticism and concern over its effectiveness and consequences. Moniz's legacy is complex, reflecting both pioneering spirit in neurology and the caution required in medical interventions for mental health.