Ancient siege warfare

Ancient siege warfare involved prolonged military operations aimed at capturing a fortified position, such as a city or castle. Attackers would surround the site, cutting off supplies and reinforcements. They employed various techniques, including building siege engines like catapults and battering rams, to break through walls. Additionally, they dug tunnels or used siege towers to gain a height advantage. Defenders would strengthen their fortifications and counterattack. The process required careful planning, logistics, and often lasted weeks or months, with success relying on strategy, technology, and the morale of both the attackers and defenders.