A. Barnard

A. Barnard refers to Chester I. Barnard, an influential American business executive, and theorist known for his work on organizational theory. He is best known for his book "The Functions of the Executive," published in 1938, where he presented ideas about how organizations operate and the importance of leadership. Barnard emphasized the role of effective communication and the need for cooperation among individuals within an organization. He introduced concepts like the "zone of indifference" in authority, highlighting how employees will accept orders if they see them as necessary for the organization’s goals. His work greatly influenced management and organizational studies.