Zhang Zhidong

Zhang Zhidong (1837–1909) was a prominent Chinese official and reformer during the late Qing Dynasty. He played a key role in modernizing China through adopting Western technology and ideas, particularly in education and military reforms. He believed in strengthening China by blending traditional Confucian values with new scientific knowledge. As governor and minister, he promoted industrial development, founded schools, and supported the Self-Strengthening Movement to bolster China’s defenses and economy. Zhang is seen as a pragmatic reformer who aimed to preserve China’s sovereignty while adapting to changing global circumstances.