Zīj

A Zīj is an astronomical manual or mathematical text from the Islamic Golden Age, primarily used for solving practical problems like determining the times for prayers, the direction of Mecca, and the Islamic calendar. It contains detailed tables, charts, and calculations based on observations of celestial objects such as the Sun, Moon, and planets. These texts combined scientific knowledge with Islamic religious needs, demonstrating advanced understanding of astronomy. Zījs played a key role in preserving and transmitting astronomical knowledge across centuries, influencing both Islamic and global scientific traditions.