Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian was the only woman to officially rule China in her own right, becoming Empress during the Tang Dynasty. Originally a concubine of Emperor Gaozu, she rose to power after his death, first as the de facto ruler behind her sons, and later as Empress in her own name from 690 to 705 AD. Wu Zetian implemented significant political and social reforms, including promoting merit-based civil service examinations. Despite controversies surrounding her rule, she is remembered for her strong leadership and efforts to enhance women’s status in society, leaving a lasting impact on Chinese history.