William Elphinstone

William Elphinstone (1725-1802) was a Scottish soldier and administrator, notable for his role in British India during the early 19th century. He is best known for his leadership during the First Anglo-Afghan War, particularly at the disastrous retreat from Kabul in 1842, where his forces suffered heavy casualties. Elphinstone’s decisions and the military tactics he employed have been the subject of much analysis. His career highlights the complexities of British colonial rule and its challenges, especially in Afghanistan, a region characterized by difficult terrain and fierce resistance to foreign intervention.