William and Mary (joint reign)

William and Mary refers to the joint reign of William III of England and Mary II, which began in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. This event was marked by the overthrow of King James II, who was unpopular due to his Catholicism and perceived absolutism. William and Mary, both Protestants, were invited to rule to ensure a Protestant monarchy. Their reign established constitutional principles, reducing the monarchy's power and enhancing Parliament's role. They also strengthened religious toleration through the Bill of Rights 1689, influencing future democratic governance in Britain. Their rule is often seen as a pivotal moment in British history.