Wars of Scottish Independence

The Wars of Scottish Independence (late 13th to early 14th century) were conflicts between Scotland and England over Scotland’s sovereignty. Following the death of the Scottish king Alexander III and a disputed succession, England claimed control over Scotland. Scottish leaders like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce fought to maintain independence, ultimately securing victory and establishing Scotland as a separate kingdom. These wars involved guerrilla tactics, notable battles, and diplomatic efforts, shaping Scotland’s national identity and its long-standing desire for self-rule.