War of Kalinga

The War of Kalinga was a crucial battle in 261 BCE between Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire and the state of Kalinga (modern Odisha). Despite prior conquests, the war resulted in massive casualties and suffering. Witnessing the devastation and human cost, Ashoka experienced a profound transformation, leading him to embrace non-violence, peace, and moral governance. This event significantly influenced his rule and the spread of Buddhism across India and beyond, marking a turning point from aggressive expansion to ethical leadership.